A free tutorial on Personality Disorders is available on our Mental Health 101 page.Borderline Personality Disorder: An Information Guide for Families (PDF).There is no evidence yet that CBT is an effective therapy for personality disorders other than BPD. Researchers are hopeful that treatments for BPD will lead to advances in treating the other nine personality disorders. DBT emphasizes validating and accepting the person’s experience while focusing on change. This form of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) traces the person’s emotional upheaval to a combination of temperament and an invalidating environment. According to the most recent national survey, personality disorders with the highest prevalence include antisocial personality (3.8 ), borderline personality (2.7 ), obsessive-compulsive personality (1.9 ), paranoid personality (1.9 ), and avoidant personality (1.2 ). For example, dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is the most researched psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. However, some therapies have proven to be quite effective. Personality disorders are considered to be among the most difficult mental health disorders to treat. The causes of personality disorders are not known, but research has begun to explore such potential factors as genetics, childhood trauma, verbal abuse, high reactivity/oversensitivity and peer influences. They may also have more difficulty getting along with others than do people without personality disorders. People with personality disorders are at increased risk for self-harming behaviours and suicide. These are characterized by experiencing compulsions and anxiety. These are characterized by having difficulty controlling emotions, fears, desires and anger.Ĭluster C: anxious personality disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive, dependent and avoidant personality disorders. These are characterized by feeling paranoid, distrustful and suspicious.Ĭluster B: impulsive personality disorders, such as borderline, narcissistic, histrionic and antisocial personality disorders. Each personality disorder has its own signs and symptoms, but there are similarities within each of the three clusters:Ĭluster A: paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal personality disorders. The 10 personality disorders are grouped into three clusters according to shared characteristics. Borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder are the most frequently diagnosed personality disorders. The lack of adaptability and the limited repertoire of coping responses can result in distress for the person and for those around him or her.Ĭurrently, there are 10 personality disorders recognized in psychiatry. A disordered personality does not have this kind of adaptability and flexibility. Although our personalities allow others to predict and anticipate our responses to situations, a person with a “healthy” personality demonstrates a range of coping responses and styles when placed in a stressful situation. Despite this uniqueness, both “healthy” personality and personality disorder have defined patterns. Personality is the synthesis of behaviours, cognitions and emotions that makes each person unique.
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